The historical record of India reveals that flowers and gardens held a significant and valuable place in the countrys cultural and artistic heritage, as evidenced by paintings, murals, and coins. These artifacts demonstrate the close relationship between floriculture and the daily life and culture of the Indian people. The book provides up-to-date information that aligns with the current horticulture syllabuses of both ICAR and SAU, catering to the needs of students pursuing B. Sc. (Ag.), B. Sc. (Hort.), and M. Sc. (Ag.) degrees in Horticulture. The content is presented in a clear and concise manner to ensure easy comprehension by readers, making the book an all-encompassing resource for topics related to floriculture and landscaping.